What is Bullying! Understand.

Bullying corresponds to the practice of intentional and repeated acts of physical or psychological violence committed by one or more aggressors against a particular victim. In other words, it means all kinds of physical or verbal torture that torments a large number of victims in Brazil and in the world. The term in English "bullying" is derived from the word "bully" (tyrant, brutal). Although this type of aggression has always existed, the term was coined in the 1970s by the Swedish psychologist Dan Olweus. Bullying can occur in any environment where there is interpersonal contact, whether in the club, church, family, or school. Effective bullying has gradually gained prominence in the media and in NGOs engaged in anti-bullying campaigns. This is because this practice has increased considerably in recent years in the country and in the world. Recently in a school in the city of Goiânia - Goiás, a student entered armed in a classroom and shot at students who committed the practice of Bulliyng against the same and 2 people were killed. Bullying in School: Conflicts between children and adolescents are common, as it is a phase of insecurity and self-assertion. However, when the disagreements are frequent and start to humiliation, that is where bullying proliferates. In schools, assaults are usually practiced away from the authorities. They usually occur at the entrance or exit of the building, or when teachers are not around. They can also happen silently, in the classroom, in the presence of the teacher, with gestures, tickets, etc. Physical assaults are harder to hide and often lead the family to transfer the victim to another school. Profile of Aggressors: The aggressor, in general, has a wicked and sometimes unhealthy mind. He is aware of his actions and aware that his victims do not like his attitudes, but he acts as a way to stand out from his group. Thus, the aggressors think they will be more popular and feel the power with these acts. The aggressors seek victims who usually disentangle from the majority by some peculiarity. The preferred targets are: 1-the novice students; 2-the extremely timid; 3-those who have physical traits that deviate from the standard; 4-those who have an excellent bulletin, which serves to fuel the envy and revenge of the lesser scholars. Consequences of Bullying: Bullying victims are often ashamed and afraid to tell the family about the aggressions they are suffering and therefore remain silent. Victims of physical or verbal aggression are marked and this wound can be perpetuated for life. In some cases, psychological help is essential to ease the difficult coexistence with such painful memories. Here, therefore, it is up to parents and family members to notice the symptoms of children and / or adolescents. Thus, if you notice any difference in behavior, it is important to contact the school officials and still have a frank conversation with the person who has been assaulted. Actions like this can avoid future embarrassments, or even tragedies, like the suicide of the victim. Some typical signs are observed in students who are victims of bullying, among them: 1-refusal to go to school; 2-tendency to insulation; 3-lack of appetite; 4-insomnia and headache; 5-drop in school performance; 6-fever and tremor.

Social Isolation: In sociology, social isolation is a socio-cultural phenomenon that denotes the lack of social interaction, that is, the absence of contact between individuals. It is, therefore, a condition (voluntary or not) that some individuals (individual isolation) or social groups (group isolation), for various reasons, prefer the isolation of society. People who suffer from social isolation have many difficulties to relate to and, therefore, move away from social interaction, which can lead to a decrease in mental functions, and in the most extreme cases, psychiatric problems. In this case, people stop participating in various activities in society, a phenomenon that can be generated by social exclusion. Generally, this concept is related to minorities, for example, the elderly, the blacks, the obese, among others. Currently, to reverse the social isolation, there are several therapies, psychological and psychiatric treatment. Consequences: Several consequences denote social isolation and can lead to psychic disturbances: 1-Individualism 2-Social Phobia 3-Solitude 4-Depression 5-Stress 6-Sadness 7-Rejection 8-Madness 9-Anxiety 10-Schizophrenia 11- Drug addiction 12-Misanthropy 13-Suicide Given the problems that can cause in individuals, social isolation leads to several actions that can be harmful to physical and mental health, for example: mood changes, pressure, low esteem, antisocial behavior, aggression , development of pathologies, among others. Social isolation can lead people to engage in phobias (social phobia), and therefore have a job, participate in social events, or even go out to shop.

School evasion: School evasion is the act of not attending classes, that is, dropping out of school for any reason. This social problem, which is unfortunately common in Brazil, affects mainly high school students. Causes: Causes vary by level of education. In the first years (elementary school), the distance from the school associated with the lack of school transportation, or who can take and get the child, is the main cause. In the middle school, the lack of interest is that it becomes one of the main causes, which results from the fact that, besides the content being exaggerated, it is decontextualized, an opinion shared not only by students but also by teachers. The economic situation is another factor that strongly influences school drop-out. To help parents, who sometimes even prohibit their children from continuing to study, or even to have a certain financial autonomy, students begin work without having completed their studies. There are those who choose to reconcile work and school activities, but fail, decide to prioritize work and end up leaving school. The social aspect has its weight in this matter. The difficulty in getting to school makes it imminent to give up continuing school. This is most evident in rural areas. Much discussed in recent times, bullying often also makes students refuse to go to school. Consequences: Students who drop out of school often have low self-esteem, which makes their personal and professional relationships difficult. Entering the job market becomes more difficult, in addition to that the quality of services provided is leveled down, just like your pay. All this generates a strong feeling of demotivation, which ends up consolidating even more social inequality in Brazil. Data: According to Inep - National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira, according to the School Census conducted between 2014 and 2015, the school dropout rate is as follows: 1st) 1st year of high school - 12.9%; 2nd) Secondary school - 12.7%; 3rd) 9th year of elementary school - 7.7%; 4th) 3rd year of high school - 6.8%; The High School leads with 11.2% of students out of school, and Pará is the state with the highest rate of school dropout in Brazil. In this state, 16% of high school students were in evasion at the time of the research. In 2013, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) indicated that among the 100 countries with the highest HDI (Human Development Index), Brazil had the 3rd highest school dropout rate. The first and second highest rates are from Bosnia and Herzegovina (26.8%) and the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, the Caribbean (26.5%). The data presented by the UNDP, however, were questioned by Inep. Inep contends that, in addition to being differentiated between countries, which led to lagged data, the survey did not yet consider 9 years in elementary education, but 8.

Types of Bullying: 1-Cyberbullying: when bullying occurs through information technologies, be it internet (social networks, emails, etc.) and / or cell phones (torpedoes). 2-Verbal: when bullying happens through words of low slang, nicknames and insults. 3-Moral: associated with verbal bullying, it occurs through rumors, defamations and slander. 4-Physical: When bullying involves physical aggression, be it jerk, hitting, kicking, etc. 5-Psychological: when bullying involves aspects that affect the psychological, for example, blackmail, manipulation, exclusion, persecution, etc. 6-Material: When bullying is defined by actions involving theft, theft and destruction of objects belonging to someone. 7-Sexual: in this case, bullying is committed through sexual abuse and harassment. Legislation in Brazil: Until recently, when bullying cases were brought to justice, they were framed in infractions foreseen in the Penal Code as slander, defamation and bodily injury. However, on November 6, 2015, Law No. 13,185, entitled "Program to Combat Systematic Intimidation (Bullying), was sanctioned." According to this document: "Bullying is considered to be any act of physical or psychological, intentional and repetitive violence that occurs without obvious motivation, carried out by an individual or a group, against one or more persons, in order to intimidate or assaulted her, causing pain and anguish to the victim, in a relationship of imbalance of power between the parties involved. " However, according to current statistics, about 80% of Brazilian schools still do not punish the aggressors. Given the importance of addressing the issue, "World Bullying Day" is celebrated around the world on October 20. In Brazil, in 2016, Law 13,277 was instituted, the "National Day to Combat Bullying and Violence in School", celebrated on April 7. The choice of date refers to the episode that happened on April 7, 2011 in the neighborhood of Realengo, in Rio de Janeiro. In the morning, Wellington Menezes de Oliveira (23 years old) invaded Tasso da Silveira Municipal School firing at the students. The result of the "Realengo Massacre", as the attack was known, was the death of 12 students and the marksman himself, who committed suicide. Many acquaintances and relatives of Wellington claimed that he suffered from bullying. Share this information with your friends and relatives. Source: FM-USP.